Wangcang County has a long history of walnut cultivation, and the cultivated area has begun to take shape. The improvement of walnut varieties and the improvement of quality and efficiency have become the new work priorities and difficulties. The following is based on the local 1a raw walnut seedlings as the rootstock, 'Wang No. 2' In the same year, the excellent branches of walnuts were grafted for the cuttings, and the survival rate of the improved bud grafting technique, as well as the effects of lashing, cutting anvil, grafting time and cutting strip selection on grafting survival were studied.
1 Overview of the test area
The test area is located in the walnut seed breeding base of Dade Township, Wangcang County, Sichuan Province, which has a subtropical humid monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 16.5 °C, the annual maximum temperature is 38.0 °C, the lowest temperature is -5.2 °C, the four seasons are distinct, the light and heat resources are abundant, the annual average sunshine hours are 1355h, the rainfall is abundant, the annual precipitation is 920.9mm, and the frost-free period is longer.
2 Materials and methods
2.1 Materials
The cuttings are the semi-lignified branches of the 'Wangnan No. 2' walnut variety identified by the Sichuan Provincial Committee of Forest Tree Breeding. The tree is harvested from the state-owned nursery in Wangcang County. The tree is strong, the branches are well developed, no pests and diseases, and the canopy The middle and upper semi-lignified branches of the year. The rootstock is a native 1a raw walnut seedling.
2.2 Method
In the middle and late May of 2015, the traditional germination method and the improvement of the bud grafting technique were adopted. The same growth of the same year was selected. Each group was grafted with 100 branches, and each branch was grafted with 1 bud, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. After grafting, the bud and fertilizer management should be done, and the survival rate should be investigated after grafting for 60 days.
2.2.1 Traditional bud connection method
When grafting, the rootstock is required to be a new shoot in the same year, and the rootstock surface of the rootstock is the same size as the square bud. First use the grafting knife to cut vertically and horizontally on the scion, deep into the xylem, remove the square buds from 2cm to 4cm in length and 1cm to 2cm in width, and the incisions are neat and burr-free; then cut one on the smooth side of the rootstock to the same size as the buds. Square incision and remove the rootstock of the rootstock, the square buds are quickly inserted into the rootstock wound, and finally tied with plastic woven tape to expose the buds.
2.2.2 Improved bud method
Using the traditional bud connection method as the basic control, the grafting knives for improving the bud grafting were cut longitudinally along the outer edge of the petiole on both sides of the bud, and the square buds with the width of the petiole and the length of 2 cm to 4 cm were removed from the scion, and the phloem was cut straight to the xylem. The surface can be removed, and the petiole is reduced by only 0.5 cm of the base of the petiole.
2.2.3 Improved lashing method
Based on the traditional bud connection method, try to keep the upper part or the side tightly combined, and the improved bud connection can also be used on four sides. The test group was tied with a 2cm wide, 0.008mm thick plastic film strip, and the middle part of the bud was first tied to facilitate fixing on the rootstock, and all the wound surfaces were wrapped, but the water discharge port and the bud eyes were not included. The other germination steps were unchanged, and the test group was kept close to the upper or side and the four sides were not.
2.2.4 Improved cutting anvil method
The traditional bud connection method is used as a basic control. When the bud cutting and cutting rootstock square skin layer is modified, it is larger or slightly larger than the bud piece, so that the root surface of the rootstock must be larger than the bud piece, and the lower edge is not cut when cutting a knife, leaving 2 mm on the side of the lower incision~ The 3mm wide rootstock peeled down 2cm~3cm as a water drain.
2.2.5 Grafting period
On May 25th, June 5th, June 15th, June 25th, July 5th and July 15th, a total of 6 days were grafted. The survival rate of grafted seedlings was used as the basis for judging the grafting period.
2.2.6 Spike level
The degree of fullness of the buds and the diameter of the cuttings are used as the classification criteria. Grade I spikes: full buds, stalks ≥ 0.8 cm in diameter; grade II stalks: buds full, stalks 0.5 cm to 0.8 cm in diameter; grade III stalks: buds are full and stalks ≤ 0.5 cm. The improved bud connection method was used for each spike to count the survival rate of the grafted seedlings.
2.3 Data Processing
One-way analysis of variance was performed using SPSS 20.0 software; charting was performed using Sigmaplot 12.5.
3 Results and analysis
3.1 Improved bud grafting survival rate
It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the conventional bud grafting technique removes the square buds of 2 cm to 4 cm in length and 1 cm to 2 cm in width, and the survival rate of grafting is slightly lower than that of the test group according to the width of the petiole width, but one-way analysis of variance shows that There was no significant difference between the two methods of bud collection (P>0.05).
Figure 1 Comparison of different bud grafting methods
3.2 Improved bud grafting method
It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the average survival rate of the film lashing is greatly improved, which is 85.2%, and the difference is significant (P<0.05). When the bud is inserted, the one side or the four sides are not relied on. The effect on the bud connection was not significant, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05).
Figure 2 Comparison of budding effects of different ligature methods
3.3 Improved budding survival rate of budding under cutting anvil
It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the survival rate of the traditional bud grafting technique is 76.2%. The survival rate of the test group is 80.4% under the square wound surface. The one-way analysis of variance shows that the two anvil methods The difference in survival rate was significant (P<0.05), and the choice of retention and release can significantly increase the survival rate of bud grafting.
3.4 Improved budding survival rate of grafting technology grafting time
It can be seen from Fig. 4 that the survival rate of the improved bud grafting is first rising (gradually rising from May 25 to June 15, and slightly decreasing on June 25), and then decreasing (from June 25 to July). On the 15th, the best grafting time was from June 15th to June 25th. The grafting survival rate was 85.3% and 84.7% respectively. The grafting survival rate on June 5 exceeded 80%. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that the survival rate of grafting survival rate was the highest between June 15 and June 25, but the difference between the two periods was not significant (P>0.05). Significant (P < 0.05).
3.5 Bud survival rate of different grades of cuttings improved budding technology
As can be seen from Fig. 5, the survival rate of the bud grafting using the grade I spike was 89.2%, the survival rate of the bud graft using the grade II spike was 78.6%, and the survival rate of the bud graft using the grade III spike was 62.4%. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that the survival rate of grafting between different grades was significantly different (P<0.05), and the survival rate of grade I spikes was the best.
4 Discussion
Although the grafting effect of traditional buds and buds is not significant, the grafting effect is not significant when the buds are taken according to the width of the petiole. The shape of the buds is more standard and tidy, which is beneficial to improve the operation speed and standardization practice. When the walnut is grafted, the operation time is also one of the factors affecting the grafting effect. The higher content of tannin in the branches and buds of walnuts can inhibit the formation of callus, and the exposure time of the wound in the air is proportional to the oxidation of tannins to form a dark brown separation layer. Therefore, the buds are taken according to the width of the petiole. The operation time can be shortened to some extent, the oxidation is reduced, and the survival rate is improved.
Walnuts are more prone to injury, and walnut wounds are closely related to grafting survival and pruning effects. In the grafting, there is a wound fluid at the interface, which will hinder the material exchange between the rootstock and the scion, inhibit the physiological activity of the cells at the interface, and reduce the graft survival rate. When the walnut branches are connected, there are many ways to treat the wound flow by using the kerf or cutting the rootstock in advance, and the walnut sprouts are considered to have fewer injury factors. After the leaves of walnut trees are spring, the transpiration is enhanced. Although it is a new shoot, it is also very easy to cause injury. The test group left the water outlet when cutting the anvil, which can reduce or prevent the accumulation of wounds, prevent the necrosis of the ear buds, and the grafting effect is significantly improved. It shows that taking measures to control the wound flow when the walnut sprouts are connected is an important factor affecting the survival rate of the walnut bud. one.
When the walnut buds are connected, the buds are directly in contact with the layered cells, and the thin-walled cells that are too tight to crush the rootstock are tied. The gap between the over-spinning roots will prolong the callus binding time, and both of them reduce the survival rate, so when tying Pay attention to the tightness of the tightness. Because the toughness is not high, the width is not enough, and the thickness is large, the tightness of the walnut is not well grasped during the grafting operation, and the rainwater is easy to infiltrate from the gap of the braid, which affects the growth of the callus and reduces the survival rate; Large, tightly sealed, tight and controllable and easy to adjust when tying, not affected by rain and no need to loosen the membrane after the tube protection, effectively improve the graft survival rate and save the cost of later management and protection, and is easy to promote and apply to production practice.
The choice of grafting period also has significant help to improve the survival rate. Grafting is too early, the temperature is too low, and it is not easy to survive. If the grafting is too late, the rootstock has grown and the grafted seedlings are not easy to survive. A suitable grafting period helps to increase the graft survival rate.
The buds with full buds and thick branches are selected. The rich nutrients in the body are the guarantee for providing sufficient nutrients for the complex during the callus formation after grafting. Under the rich degree of cuttings, the grafting survival rate of the buds of the large seedlings is used. Significantly higher.
The above is the whole content of the research on the survival rate of walnut improved bud grafting technology. It is for your reference only. If you want to know more comprehensive agricultural technology knowledge, please pay attention to Hui Nongwang!
Male Sexual Enhancement Material
Men often suffer from erectile dysfunction in their later years as their bodies gradually age, and this needs to be treated with medication. Traditional medications such as Viagra are effective, but they can cause certain side effects such as headaches and panic attacks.
Therefore, is there any Viagra that does not harm men?
YES, we will introduce you the effects of several common Sexual Enhancement Materials.
Male Sexual Enhancement Material,Maca Root Extract,Tribulus Terrestris Extract,Tribulus Terrestris Extract Powder
Xi'an XJeson Biotech Co., Ltd , https://www.xjesonbio.com