American pheasant breeding
U.S. colorful pheasants (also known as pheasants) have been introduced into the United States since 1986, and there has been an upsurge of breeding hens in China. The pheasant is tender, delicious, nutritious, easy to raise, and economically beneficial. Generally after 3 months of age, it can be used as a product for sale. The weight of male pheasant is 1800-2,200 grams, and the pheasant begins to lay eggs at 5-6 months of age. The annual output is 100-120 eggs and the egg weight is about 30 grams. The pheasant under reasonable conditions, fertilization rate of up to 95% of eggs, 90% of fertilized eggs hatch.
First, the shape of the pheasant and living habits (1) Form: The pheasant is slightly smaller than the chicken, but the tail is much longer. The male pheasant is gorgeous and has a distinctive white collar on the neck. The female feather is dark and brown. (2) habits: pheasant adaptability and disease resistance, pheasant high temperature, fearless. Cold diseases rarely occur. The pheasant is timid and frightened. Therefore, the environment of the chicken farm must be quiet, and the breeder's clothes should be fixed in order to avoid being frightened. The pheasant has phototaxis, and it responds smoothly to slowly changing light, but to the sudden light in the darkness, the flock will fly toward the light source, so the light bulb and the window should have a net cover.
Second, the breeding of chicks and management of brooding methods: You can use flat ground, and online brooding 2 methods, into the seedlings before using a fiber board to the brooding room surrounding a good layer of the ground covered with a layer of chaff, sawdust, with fiberboard cover above With a few infrared light bulbs as a heat source, the room temperature is 37 degrees. The temperature of the brooding room is a constant temperature. A constant temperature controller can be installed. Reduce the death of Miao chicken caused by excessive or low temperature. Generally 5 to 300 square meters can be placed in 300 to 500 young chickens, if the number is large, it is best to use 2 to 3 brooding rooms.
1, open food: Miao chicken 24 hours after hatching, drinking water with potassium permanganate (reddish can be) or 5% brown sugar drinking water (water temperature and room temperature is similar) with a small drinking device or put in the drinking fountain Small pebbles prevent chicks from jumping into the sink. After 1 hour, they are sprinkled evenly on burlap bags with fine feed. The crude protein in the broiler chicken feed is 25% or more. (After January, the medium-term feed crude protein was changed to about 20%.) The temperature is 37 degrees. In the 1-15 days of age, heat preservation is one of the most important factors in the success or failure of brooding.
6 The chilling chicks are particularly sensitive to temperature within 2 weeks. If the chicks are found to be crowded near the light source, it indicates that the surrounding temperature is inconsistent with the data on the table. At this time, it is necessary to “watch the chicken and apply the temperature†to allow the chicks to spread out naturally. Disperse evenly. When the temperature is too high, the chicks open their mouths and breathe away from the heat source. They are very upset and cry. If the temperature is high for a long time, heat stress will occur.
In the process of brooding, the vaccine is a necessary measure to prevent infectious diseases, which can effectively control the infection of the disease and increase the survival rate of the chicks. The following table shows the vaccine procedures and the main points for disease prevention.
10 Newcastle disease II lineage seedlings or drinking water 1~4 Blue, streptomycin 3,000 units drinking water (anti-daylight)
14 Bursal Vaccine Nose or Drinking Water 5~9 Oxytetracycline 0.04% Mixing (anti-daylighting)
130 Newcastle Disease I Line Injection 11
For each 0.02-0.04% fructose or 0.04% terramycin mix, two days for two days and three days for 1-15 days is the most important factor in the success or failure of brooding.
Note: Before the vaccine, the water should be cut off for 3 hours. The diluted vaccine should preferably be consumed within 2 hours (dilute it with well water and then cool it to dilute the vaccine) Check the chick's status frequently during brooding. If there is any abnormality, check the temperature. , ventilation, etc., found that problems were adjusted in time. Drinking fountains and troughs are cleaned once a day and regularly sterilized. Generally it is necessary to cut off once in the future, and it is best to use electric heating tubes in the winter to prevent the light from being too bright.
The management and rearing period of the three-year breeding period refers to the management of the pheasant after it has been de-warmed to the sale of the product chicken. The pheasant gradually plumps in the breeding period and has the ability to fly; lively and active; appetite is strong, including 7 weeks to 13 weeks The pheasant gains the most weight and should have enough feed for the pheasant to eat throughout the day. Its crude protein content is about 18% to 20%, accelerating the weight gain of pheasants, raising the morning market, and increasing economic efficiency. 1. Reasonable feeding: Retained as a species of pheasant, called the young breeder before the age of 6 weeks till the start of production. With the growth of the age, the number of food troughs and drinking fountains should be increased to facilitate the chickens to eat and drink. . Young breeder hens can adopt limited feeding methods and appropriately reduce the concentration of protein and energy in the diet. The crude protein content is about 18% to control the growth of body weight. For example, if the rearing period of the breeder is over-fertilized, the production performance during the laying period will be affected. The amount of feed from the mid-term feed will gradually decrease from 90% of the normal amount to 80%, and will be reduced to 70% at the age of 3 months. Regularly check the weight of the breeder during control to maintain a medium breeder. 2. Male-female rearing: Roosters grow faster and need 1-2% more protein than hens. Feeding them separately can reduce the number of hens.
IV. Management of egg breeders
1. Light: The breeder should normally put the rooster into the hen group 2 weeks before the laying of eggs, in a ratio of 1:4, and increase the duration of the light. The laying hens can only increase the light during the laying of the eggs and must not be shortened. Increase should be gradually increased, the amplitude should not be too large, the egg production time of 16 to 17 hours. The light intensity requirements of 15 square meters 40 watts is good, light intensity should not be reduced, light color do not have white light to shade. The method of supplementing the illumination time is generally to add artificial light to the morning and evening. For example, to achieve 16 hours of light, the light can be turned on at 5 o'clock in the morning and turned off at 10 o'clock in the evening. 2, feeding: During the production of eggs to increase the amount of feed, feed should not be interrupted, feed feed æ£ 324 # hens chicken feed, crude protein about 20%, can add 10% of the green feed 3, temperature: the appropriate temperature for chicken egg production is At 13-25 degrees, the egg production rate will be significantly reduced when the daily average temperature is higher than 30 degrees and at the end of 10 degrees. Therefore, providing an appropriate temperature is an important condition for ensuring a higher hen production rate. Adding some additives such as multidimensional and choline chloride in the feed can increase the fertilization rate of the egg.
Fifth, prevent disease:
1 Whitefly: Whitefly disease is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella pullorum, and it mainly infects chicks, especially the chicks in the first week of age.
The main symptoms are as follows: The diseased chick's wings are drooping, the eyes are closed, yellow-white or gray-white paste excrement is excreted, and sometimes the anus is blocked by faeces.
Prevention: Add 0.02% furazolidone to the feed, and take 5 to 7 days. Or use 0.2% ~ 0.3% oxytetracycline mixed feed, and even served 5 ~ 7 days.
Treatment: Stir the diet with 0.4% to 0.5% oxytetracycline for 5 days. Other drugs such as: Speed, Enrofloxacin have a good effect.
2 Newcastle disease: (ie chicken gizzard) is an acute infectious disease caused by Newcastle disease virus. It is more susceptible to infection in spring and autumn. Regular vaccination is an effective measure to prevent Newcastle disease.
The main symptoms are: early onset, elevated body temperature, loss of appetite, general weakness, weak legs, closed eyes, lethargy, stretching neck, breathing difficulties, sour mucus outflow from the mouth. Diarrhea, row of green feces, plenty of water diarrhea.
Prevention: There is no drug treatment. The most important measure is to regularly perform vaccination against Newcastle vaccine. For vaccination at 8 days old, Newcastle Vaccine II was used. The method for intranasally instillation and eye drops is: 100 doses of a bottle of vaccine diluted with cold 10 ml of boiling water, and use a syringe (needle cutting) to suck the seedlings and drop them on the nostrils of the chicks, so that the chickens suck into the nose, or point in the eyes . The chickens were given an intramuscular injection of Newcastle disease I after 3 months of age, each 1 ml.
3 coccidiosis: refers to the epidemic disease caused by intestinal infection of one or more coccidia. It will infect throughout the growing season, especially in chicks 2 to 3 weeks old.
Symptoms: feathery, drooping wings, drowsiness, poor appetite, like drinking water. The excrement is yellow-brown or dirty yellow water, there is foul odor, and if serious, the feces carry blood or bloody stools. The feathers around the anus are contaminated by the squatting and are stuck together by the excrement. Chickens often gather near the heat source and neck to stand. Many chickens become chronic, the mortality rate is not high, but intermittent diarrhea, gradually weight loss.
Prevention: Stir 0.02% chlorobenzene in the feed for 5 days. Treatment is doubled. Other drugs such as sulfamethazine powder plus enemy net, the ratio of 5:1, with 0.04%, fed 3 days, stop for 3 days, and then fed 3 days, for a course of treatment, during the withdrawal of 3 days can supply penicillin drinking water .
4 Fowl Cholera: Fowl cholera, also known as bird defeat, is an acute septic communicable disease caused by Pasteurella multocida. It often sporadicly spreads, has a long duration, and has a high mortality rate.
Symptoms: acute onset, sudden death, laying hens are more susceptible to infection. The acute type is the most common type. The feathers of chickens are loose, they are drowsy, their wings are drooping, their body temperature is 43-44 degrees, their breathing is rapid, their mouth and nose are mucus, diarrhea, discharge yellow-white or light-green dilute feces, dark red or purple chicken cocks , generally 3 to 4 days died.
Prevention: Prevention of this disease can be used inactivated propolis fowl flu vaccine, each intramuscular injection of 1 ml, immunization period of about 6 months.
Treatment: Streptomycin, big chicken each intramuscular injection of 80,000 units, 4 hours, once used in 3 times according to the size of chicken reduction. Oxytetracycline: 0.06% feed mix feed, use 3 to 5 days.
Penicillin; each muscle is injected 50,000 units, 4 hours, 3 times.
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