Aquaculture basic knowledge

First, basic common sense
A, 鹌鹑 shape features: 鹌鹑 shape similar to the chicken, weighing 110-450 grams, small head, small mouth, compared with the chick without crown, no ears, no distance, tail feathers are not upturned, tail shorter than the wings Half the length.
B. Types of cockroaches: cockroaches can be divided into egg-type and meat-type. Egg-type Japanese cockroach, artichoke, Chinese white feather cockroach, yellow feather cockroach; meat-type French giant meat clam, Savoy wheat meat clam.
C, the physiological habits of hemorrhoids;
1, the fear of cold is also afraid of heat, the incubation period of the temperature reached 35-37 degrees, the stage temperature of 20-25 degrees.
2. Humidity: Generally, the relative humidity of the residence is 50-60%.
3, the bright light is suitable for dim light, so that the herd remains quiet, high feed conversion rate.
D. Feed for alfalfa: The feed for general artificial alfalfa is compound feed, such as corn, wheat husk, bean cake and so on.
II. Preliminary preparations for investment projects
A. Preparation of the site: The site can generally be used and reconstructed, and it is better to set up the roof and use the concrete floor as the ground. The large-scale market should be designed and demonstrated.
B. Preparation of facilities: The main equipment for breeding clams is cages. Currently, there are no stereotyped products, and self-made cages can be produced according to different growth stages:
1, young chick cage: mainly for the use of 0 to 3 weeks old chicks, cage wall and cage top can be made of wood or plastic, the front set glass window, cage bottom 6 mm 6 mm or 10 mm 10 mm metal braided net production. The heat source can be incandescent lamps, heating wires (300 watts, in series, evenly distributed), electric heating tubes (plates). Configure special food troughs and sinks. The size of a small brooding cage is generally 100 centimeters, 60 centimeters, and 30 centimeters. There are 2 to 3 cage doors, which can be stacked 4 to 5 layers. Each floor is provided with a feces board.
2, Aberdeen cage: for 4 to 6 weeks old (seed) Tsai (with fattening), can be applied with the young, with the same structure as the cage. Chick cages for chicks can also be used to set up troughs and sinks outside the cage.
3, into a cage: can be divided into overlapping, full-step, half-step and full-box, LCL-type. The overlapping type is mostly double-row, 4 to 5 layers configuration, each layer is 100 cm long, 60 cm wide, 24 cm high and 28 cm high on both sides. The cage wall spacing is 2.5 cm and the bottom mesh is 20 mm 20 mm or 20 mm 15 mm. Cage foreground hanging trough with sink. Top net with plastic mesh. There are 4 units on each floor. Each unit will raise 2 males and 5 to 6 females, or 10 egg productions. Egg-laying quail can also use 6-8 layers of feed cages
C. Preparation of technology: Self-study can be conducted through newspapers and magazines in the book, and you can also learn from the columns of the online publication of the school's electronic journals, pigeon breeding techniques, etc., and continue to improve and enrich the skills of raising and raising animals.
D. Preparation of feeds: The raw materials for the breeding and feed are easy to solve, mainly to master the formula of the feed.
E.Preparation for introduction: Before introduction, a comprehensive and multi-faceted understanding of the sources of supply for the species, mastering the relevant basic knowledge, and the principle of purchasing seedlings with qualified business units, insisting on the principle of quality, comparison, and service, and insisting on the nearest purchase The principle is to put the quality, price, and structure of a good breeder.
Third, the basic knowledge of feeding and management
A, feeding and managing brooding period
1) Open water and open food: The hatchery chicks should eat warm water within 24 hours to supplement the water consumed by the body. For long-distance introduction, 5% to 8% of glucose should be added to drinking water, and 0.01% of potassium permanganate should be added to drinking water on the third day. After drinking, you can start eating and add 0.1% oxytetracycline powder to the powder to prevent the occurrence of white feathers. Generally, it feeds six to eight times a day, and it can also be allowed to feed freely. The average daily feed intake: 3 to 4 grams on the 3rd day, 5 to 7 grams on the 5th day, 9 to 11 grams on the 7th day, 13 to 15 grams on the 11th day, and 16 to 18 grams on the 15th day.
2) Daily management: 10 to 4 days of age often show wildness of escaping. Be careful when feeding and feeding water. 2 feed and drinking water guarantee supply. Prevent feed from splashing and prevent drinking water from wetting hair. 3 Diligently check and adjust the indoor temperature, humidity, ventilation, and light. 4 Diligently observe the dynamics and defecation of the chicks, check and adjust the density, and prevent the occurrence of warts. 5 Do a good job of preventing rat damage, animal pests and preventing gas poisoning. 6 Regularly weigh and check feather growth. 7 do a variety of records and statistics
B. Feeding management The rearing period refers to the feeding and management of 15 to 35 days old (egg quail) or 40 days old (meat quail). All kinds of young pigs use limited feeding. The meat is stocked with Tsai (with the depleted seedlings) until the growing season (sometimes by fattening). Male masturbation matures 10 to 14 days earlier than females, but the body weight is lower than that of females. Up to about 40 days of age, there are courtship and mating behaviors. The signs also show that cloacal glands are well developed and secrete foams. The species of Tsai used to be selected at 5 to 6 weeks of age, and the numbers were registered and transferred to the breeding facility.
Meat stew basically adopts the management principle of egg stew, but its raising standards are higher, and some units use the diet of young turkeys. The effect is acceptable. European and American countries adopt the “flat-cage” method of combining, that is, early raising, rearing after 20 days of age, and some are transferred into fattening cages after 25 days of age. The cage is 12 cm high, 80/m2, dark light, and gauze or plastic mesh is used for the top of the cage. Diets can be properly blended with energy and fat feeds.
In management, attention should be paid to keep warm and keep quiet, and prevent all kinds of stress from causing frightened groups. Male and female cockroaches should be kept in separate cages. Regular feeding, darkening after feeding, can be used intermittent light system, that is, 1 hour lighting, 3 hours dark, can get a higher live weight, survival rate, reduce the feed ratio. The timely listing can get a lower feed ratio. At the same time, we should select high-yielding varieties, improve the formula and management of the diet, increase the survival rate, increase the live weight, and reduce the material consumption, so as to obtain good economic benefits.
C. The feeding and management principles for the feeding and management of laying eggs and the production of egg tarts are basically similar. The feeding and management of egg and meat types have their own characteristics.
1) Transferring group: The bred female cubs are 35 to 40 days old, about 2% of them have been put into production, they should be transferred to familiarize themselves with the new environment. It is advisable to transfer food at night and supply drinking water and seed feed in a timely manner to keep it quiet. At the same time when the group is transferred, a strict selection is made according to the requirements of the species.
2) Egg laying rules and useful life: The egg laying time of the laying hens is mainly concentrated from noon to 8 o'clock in the evening, and to 3 o'clock and 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
In the case of cage rearing, the breeding stock has a useful life span of 1 to 2 years, but it usually takes more than one year to clear it. The breeding farm can use 2 to 3 years, but in practice the seed collection time only uses 8 to 10 months. Ensure the quality of eggs. The product egg tarts only use 10 to 12 months. Production should mainly consider the egg production, the rate of qualified eggs, fertilization rate and its economic benefits and breeding value.
3) Forced moulting: If using the second egg laying cycle, manual forced moulting is required. The natural moulting time is long, the moult is slow, and the egg production is not concentrated. Implementation method: stop the material for 4 to 7 days, darkness, forcing the production stalls to quickly stop production, then remove the feathers, and then gradually feed to make it recover quickly. It takes only 20 days from the end of the feed to the restoration of production. Drinking water can not be interrupted. We must eliminate sick and weak individuals.
4) Routine management points: 1 It is necessary to maintain the normal supply of feed and drinking water, and adjust the diet according to the egg production rate and temperature. 2 to prevent uterine ectropion, pay attention to control weight and twist. 3 Eggs are collected once at night and in the morning. They should be packed in egg trays to prevent stacking damage. 4 prevent all kinds of stress and prevent animal damage. 5 Make daily records and statistical reports work.

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