There are four key water demand periods for apple trees in a year, namely, the budding period, the long-term growth of new shoots, the fruit expansion period and the deciduous dormancy period. Among them, the shoot growth and the fruit expansion period require the largest amount of water, which is called the critical period of water requirement.
(1) In the bud stage: The better sensation, it is beneficial to sprouting shoots, and the soil moisture content should reach 70%-80% of the field water holding capacity.
(2) Flowering period: The soil water requirement is sufficient, it is conducive to flowering and fruit setting, the flowering period is long, and the falling fruit is light. The soil moisture content should be 60%~70% of the field water holding capacity.
(3) Critical period of flower bud differentiation: In order to control water in this period, new shoots can be stopped in time, flower bud differentiation is ideal, and soil water content should be 50% to 60% of field water capacity.
(4) Fruit enlargement: In this period, there is sufficient water, and the fruit develops quickly. The soil moisture content should reach 80% of the field water capacity.
(5) Mature period: Excessive water content in the coloring period will cause greediness and prosperous growth, which will be detrimental to coloring. Water in the mature period should be stable, water fluctuations are large, and fruit cracking can easily occur. The soil content should reach 80% of the field water capacity.
(6) Dormant period: The soil moisture is sufficient to facilitate winter dormancy, and the soil moisture content should be more than 80% of the field water capacity.
Hot-dip galvanization is a form of galvanization. It is the process of coating iron and steel with zinc, which alloys with the surface of the base metal when immersing the metal in a bath of molten zinc at a temperature of around 840 °F (449 °C). When exposed to the atmosphere, the pure zinc (Zn) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form zinc oxide (ZnO), which further reacts with carbon dioxide (CO2) to form zinc carbonate (ZnCO3), a usually dull grey, fairly strong material that protects the steel underneath from further corrosion in many circumstances. Galvanized steel is widely used in applications where corrosion resistance is needed without the cost of stainless steel, and is considered superior in terms of cost and life-cycle.
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