What are the main pests and diseases of bitter gourd? The invasion of pests and diseases is a major disaster for any kind of vegetable cultivation. Therefore, from a long-term perspective, it is necessary to actively analyze the pests and diseases and improve and improve their specific problems through certain technical means. The following is an example of bitter melon cultivation in Hainan.
1 Bitter melon disease types and control methods
Bitter melon also has a specific classification of diseases and pests in natural disasters. That is to say, from this perspective, it is necessary to treat them differently and analyze specific problems. Diseases are generally caused by the spread of pathogens and infections of specific plants through soil and water in an environment where pathogens are easy to grow. Specifically, there are different classifications in terms of diseases. Below we will briefly introduce and analyze the main natural diseases of bitter gourd to promote the long-term development of agricultural economy and technology in our province.
1.1 Bitter melon powdery mildew prevention and control measures
Powdery mildew is caused by fungi of the family Mildewaceae. It is a common plant disease in the garden. It is an exogenous fungal disease that grows only on the surface of the leaves, forming gray spots and not destroying a large number of cells. However, the bacteria will absorb the water and nutrients of the plants. It hinders the growth of the leaves and, in severe cases, causes the plants to stop growing completely. The intermediate temperature environment with high humidity and not hot or cold is about ten to thirteen degrees, which is the most likely to cause powdery mildew. This is the reason why the disease is the most embarrassing in the late summer. At that time, the temperature began to cool at night, and the temperature in the morning Close to the critical point of dew formation, the humidity is extremely high.
After fully understanding the symptoms and pathological conditions of bitter gourd powdery mildew, the first thing to do is to prevent it from a period of time before the onset of the disease, but when it is not prevented, suddenly one day after the plant has been infected with powdery mildew, In this way, it is solved: firstly, the leaves of plants with very serious diseases are removed in time to prevent further infection of other plants. Then you can do some green fungicide for spraying control. Therefore, the pathogen is effectively removed.
1.2 Bitter gourd wilt disease
In addition to the powdery mildew mentioned above, in the disease, there is a problem of blight in the cultivation of bitter gourd. Bitter melon wilt has great harm to agricultural production. To fundamentally control and control it, the first thing to do is to clarify the symptoms of bitter melon wilt. In general, bitter melon wilt is a violation of the plant system in the classification of disasters. In other words, we need to conduct in-depth research and analysis on its system. When bitter gourd is attacked by diseases, in the early stage, it can basically see that the leaves are dying, and there are signs of turning yellow from green to green, which is quite different from normal leaves. Don't be naked. Especially in the time when the sun is shining intensely, it will return to normal in the early morning and evening when the light is weak. With the continuous development of blight, the leaves will gradually wither from the bottom to the top, and at the roots of bitter gourd, there will be obvious ulceration.
The pathogen of bitter gourd wilt is generally spread through the soil. The pathogen is attached to the inside of bitter gourd by certain conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to actively use pesticide spraying to carry out specific prevention and control.
2 Bitter melon pest species and control methods
In the actual growth process of bitter gourd, in addition to the invasion of diseased bacteria, it will also be attacked by various pests in nature. In response to this situation, we must also actively explore it, find solutions to the symptoms, and promote the quality and quality of bitter gourd in the Haina region of our province. Specifically, it is mainly caused by the following major pests, such as melon flies, melons, tigers, melons, and whiteflies. In the case of the tiger, it is a pest belonging to the family Lepidoptera, and it poses a certain threat to the growth of the stem of bitter gourd during the larval period. Generally speaking, the larva will bite the stem of bitter gourd, thereby hindering the bitter gourd from obtaining nutrients, causing it to wither until it dies. From this aspect, it is possible to spray corresponding pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos dry desiccant.
3 Application of prevention and control technology of bitter melon in Hainan
The spread and development of bitter melon wilt has not only adversely affected the quality and quality of bitter gourd, but also, to a large extent, hindered the further development of agriculture. Therefore, after a clear understanding of the diseases and pests of bitter gourd, it is necessary to use a corresponding technical means to solve it fundamentally, so as to achieve effective prevention and control, and promote the further improvement of the yield and quality of bitter gourd in our province.
3.1 Chemical control, timely management
As mentioned above, bitter melon wilt has obvious external manifestations in the whole process of onset. From this aspect, it can be effectively grasped and controlled in the early stage of the disease. When symptoms such as leaf wilting and root damage are found, spraying of the agent is carried out to effectively control the further spread of the bacteria. Moreover, for different periods, different drugs can be treated. That is to say, before the treatment of the medicine, a basic sample analysis is to be carried out, and the stage of the disease is clearly determined, and then further spraying is carried out.
3.2 Cultivate new varieties of bitter gourd and improve the ability of bitter gourd to resist disease
In the case of the continuous spread of bitter gourd disease, it will be improved and improved at the beginning of planting, which is conducive to better control. Using advanced science and technology, cultivating new varieties, continuously testing them according to the characteristics and disease conditions of the disease, and improving the disease resistance of the bitter gourd plants.
3.3 Arranging pest control nets and other facilities, installing insect repellent equipment
For the continuous invasion of pests, we can make full use of advanced facilities such as insect nets to carry out physical measures to control pests. Moreover, on this basis, the installation of insect repellent facilities has strengthened the level of pest control, which is beneficial to fundamentally reduce the invasion of bitter melon by pests and promote the yield and quality of bitter gourd.
4 Conclusion
In the new era of continuous social development and continuous economic development, while the province continues to develop science and technology, there are also a series of problems in the cultivation of bitter gourd. Specifically, it is mainly manifested in both diseases and pests. content. Therefore, in today's continuous improvement of people's living standards, it is necessary to strictly control the production quality and quality of bitter gourd, improve the management level of agricultural planting in our province, and promote the two-way development of science and technology and agricultural economy in our province.
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