The Main Diseases and Pests of Ornamental Pineapple and Its Control

I. Main Diseases and Control of Ornamental Pineapple

The diseases of ornamental pineapples can be divided into two categories. One category is called non-infectious diseases, and the other is called physiological diseases. It is caused by environmental conditions such as light, temperature, water, and fertilizer. In cultivation of pineapple, such diseases are more common. The other category, called infectious diseases, is caused by the infestation of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses.

(I) Heart rot and root rot

Plants suffering from heart rot, the base tissue of the leaf cylinder becomes soft and rot, with odor. The blade or leaf cylinder can be removed by lifting the leaf or leaf cylinder. If it does not move for a long time, the leaf tube will fall down on its own. Root rot strains, darkened or decayed apical roots, not long lateral roots, thus affecting the plant's absorption of water and fertilizer, plant growth is slow, weak. If the cultivation matrix is ​​poorly drained or watered too much, the pH of the water is higher than 7.0, the water contains high calcium and high sodium salts, the ventilation condition is poor when the seedlings are packaged, the seedlings are piled up too long before planting, and the high temperature and high humidity season, etc. It may cause heart rot or root rot.

Prevention of heart rot or root rot, in addition to attention to the substrate, watering, water quality problems, after planting and high temperature and humidity season, can be used 75% of the cream MnZn 400 times or 40% of the B Phosphine aluminum 400 times to water the leaf cylinder, once a month, 3 times in a row. Seedlings can be used 40% of the phosphine aluminum 800 times liquid soaking seedlings for 10 minutes, remove the shade and then on the pot.

(b) Tip yellowing withered (dry tip, dry tail)

Irrigation water quality is too alkaline or high in calcium and sodium, air humidity is too low, excessive fertilization or liquid fertilizer concentration is too high (causing salts to accumulate in the leaves, causing salt damage, protoplasm separation and dehydration), poor drainage of the substrate (causing rot If the water is not sufficiently supplied to the leaf tip, etc., it may cause yellowing and withering of the pineapple tip.

Ornamental pineapples are native to tropical regions and are high-temperature growth plants that are not cold-tolerant. However, it is best to keep it above 5°C in winter, otherwise it may cause chilling damage. The diseased department became dry coke when it dried, and plants withered due to severe cold damage.

Second, watch the pineapple main pests and prevention

(A) Scale insects

When cultivated ornamental pineapples, the most common pests are scale insects. Scale insects are very small, mostly brown and yellow, but also white, insect body about 1-3 mm, egg round or oval. The scale insects scorch the leaves by sucking the leaves, thus producing chlorotic spots on the leaves, which have an adverse effect on the growth of the leaves. The wounds may be accompanied by insect mucus, which may cause black mold.

When the eggs of the scale insects hatch, the nymphs can move, looking for edible leaves, and then secrete a layer of protective wax that no longer moves. When the egg hatched, the shell was not yet thickened. At this time, the spraying control effect was best. Common organophosphorus pesticides such as dichlorvos, malathion, and safrole could be used for prevention and control. When scale insects are fixed, they can only be controlled by systemic pesticides due to the protection of a layer of waxy coverings. Common pesticides include dimethoate, omethoate, and acephate. A few scale insects can also be manually scraped with a fingernail.

(b) Red spider

The spider mites belonging to the species of leafhoppers are extremely small in size and have a body length of 0.5 mm or less. They can be seen with the naked eye to see tiny red spots. They mainly inhabit at the base of the leaf's back or leaf axils. The rate of reproduction is very fast and the seedlings are more susceptible to them. Harm, especially in the dry season. The red spider spends acupuncture on the leaf epidermis and sucks sap for a living, which causes damage to the growth of the plant. A yellowish chlorosis point appeared at the site of the hazard, and it turned into a tan plaque at the later stage. In addition to common pesticides such as imidophos, dimethoate, omethoate, dichlorvos and other organophosphorus pesticides, there are acaricides specifically designed to kill spider mites, such as dicofol, clotris, terpene, and bromine. Ester and so on.

(three) bag moth

The bag moth has a characteristic that, after the larvae hatch, the leaves are reeled and the crushed leaves are glued together to form a protective sac, and the worm body is hidden inside the sac. When the leaves of pineapple are damaged, the mesophyll is usually eaten, leaving only a layer of transparent lower epidermis. After the lower epidermis has dried off, it becomes holes or nicks or breaks. There are many pesticides used to control bag moths, such as trichlorfon, dichlorvos, dimethoate, omethoate, malathion, and schizonerous pine.

(d) Caterpillars

The larvae of venomous moths are often called caterpillars and can damage leaves and flowers and eat them as nicks or cuts. General organophosphorus or pyrethroid insecticides can be used to kill caterpillars.

(five) snails

Snails have a shell on the outside of the snail, a larger snail shell is flat and a smaller snail shell is oblate. The common hazards of ornamental pineapples are the latter, which mainly use tooth teeth to scrape flowers. The snails are very humid and wet, and in the event of rainy days, day and night activities are hazardous. When it is more arid, it lurks during the day and harms it at night. Slow motion of snails, leaving mucus will be left over.

Prevention and control of snails can be sprinkled with lime powder on the ground, or use artificial capture, or use the leaves, weeds, leaves and other first trapping heap, before dawn, snails lurking under the traps, and then concentrated to capture.

(Six) Spodoptera litura

Spodoptera litura, also known as N. litura, thrips and burglars, larvae mainly damage the pineapple flowers, feeding petals, stamens, and pistil. During the daytime, they often hide in the dark places such as pots and pots, and at the bottom of pots, and come out to feed in the evening. However, in the rainy days, they can also feed outside during the day. Pesticides that control caterpillars can be used to control Spodoptera litura larvae.

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