Identification of ginkgo male and female plants early

1. Morphological Identification Method: 1. Observe the angle between the trunk and the main branch: The main branch of a male ginkgo tree grows upright, with an angle of approximately 30 degrees, while the main branches of female trees are more drooping and flat, forming an angle of around 50 degrees. 2. Examine the leaves: Male plants tend to be deciduous, whereas female plants often shed their leaves earlier in the season. 3. Analyze the leaf shape: Female leaves are generally shallower in structure, while male leaves are opposite in arrangement. 4. Study the canopy form: Male canopies develop later, with fewer and weaker branches that are more evenly spaced. In contrast, female canopies form earlier, featuring denser and thicker branches, which tend to be more disorganized. 5. Check the length of the branches: Male branches are typically short, measuring only 1–2 centimeters, while female branches grow longer, often reaching up to 10 centimeters after several years of growth. 6. Inspect the flower buds: Male flower buds are large, full, and slightly flattened at the top, while female buds are thin and pointed. 7. Observe the inflorescence: Male inflorescences are catkin-like, resembling those of mulberry trees, and appear long with forked tips on the pedicels, similar to matchsticks. 8. Assess the stem thickness: Male stems are taller but weaker, while female stems are shorter and more robust. 2. Bromothymol Blue Identification Method: Take 1 gram of each sample leaf, cut it into small pieces similar to cigarette shreds, and place them in a clean test tube or conical flask. Add 5 ml of 0.1% bromothymol blue solution, and observe the color change at 22–26°C. If the plant is male, the solution turns dark green within 2–3 minutes, then green by 4–6 minutes, yellow-green at 9–10 minutes, and finally yellow-orange after about 20 minutes. For female plants, the solution remains blue-green for a much longer time—typically 2–6 hours before turning yellow-orange. This difference occurs because male ginkgo trees have higher respiration rates and more active metabolism, leading to faster decomposition of substances in the leaf juice into organic acids, making the environment more acidic. As a result, the alkaline bromothymol blue solution turns yellow when exposed to acid. Therefore, if the solution changes color quickly, it's likely a male plant; if it changes slowly, it's probably a female. Morphological identification is simple and practical, but it requires considerable experience and may not always be reliable. When combined with the bromothymol blue method, it becomes a highly effective and straightforward technique for early sex determination of ginkgo trees, offering significant value in horticultural and botanical applications.

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