In winter and spring, garlic seedlings are grown on multi-tiered frames inside greenhouses or plastic sheds. This method not only helps regulate and supplement the supply of off-season vegetables but also significantly improves land use efficiency, leading to higher economic returns. A single square meter of greenhouse can yield up to 800 kilograms of garlic sprouts. The following is a detailed description of the technique:
**1. Setting Up the Beds**
The bed structure is built using wooden poles, straw, old plastic film, iron wire, and bricks. There are two levels at the front and back of the greenhouse, and three levels in the middle. A single brick is used to build walls 10 cm high, with a spacing of 1.2 to 1.6 meters between them. A wooden frame is then constructed to form a rack-like bed that is 1 to 3 meters wide and extends as long as needed. The distance between wooden poles is set at 20 to 30 cm. On the first level, beds are raised 80 to 100 cm high, with a width of 1 meter. From the second level, which is 60 cm high, beds are created with a width of 80 to 90 cm. Each layer is covered with a layer of old plastic film, followed by a 6 cm thick layer of sandy loam soil. The soil is then compacted. During construction, all parts must be tightly secured to prevent collapse during the growth of the garlic sprouts.
**2. Cultivation and Management**
1. **Garlic Selection**: Choose large-headed varieties that have high yields, short dormancy periods, and quick germination.
2. **Soaking Garlic Bulbs**: Soak the garlic bulbs in water at 20°C for 30 hours to allow them to swell. After draining, slightly cut the base and remove the stem plate. If the quantity is large, it may not be necessary to dig out the cloves.
3. **Planting in Sand**: Place 15 kg of garlic per square meter, packing them as tightly as possible. Fill any gaps with loose cloves. After planting, cover the garlic with 3 cm of fine sand and water it. Water once every three days.
4. **Moisture Control**: Water the garlic sprouts with water that is no colder than 15°C. In the early growth stage (after planting), water thoroughly. During the mid-growth phase (when the sprouts reach 15–16 cm), water moderately. In the final stage (3–4 days before harvest), water lightly. The frequency of watering depends on the moisture level of the soil.
5. **Temperature Control**: Keep the plastic film clean to enhance light transmission and maximize sunlight exposure. Maintain the following temperatures:
- After planting: day 24–26°C, night 20–22°C
- After Qimiao (early shoot growth): day 22–24°C, night 18–22°C
- When seedlings reach 15 cm: day 20–22°C, night 16–18°C
- At harvest time: day 18°C, night 12°C
**3. Timely Harvesting**
Harvest the garlic when it reaches 35 cm in height and the leaves begin to tilt slightly. After harvesting, new seedlings will grow within 20 days. Once they reach 30 cm, they can be harvested again. This cycle allows for multiple harvests throughout the season, maximizing productivity and profitability.
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