Su Shi cultivation techniques are a well-structured process that requires careful planning and execution. First, the selection of the water surface is crucial. It should be located at the edge of shallow lakes or swamps, where the water level remains relatively stable. During the dry season, the water depth should be around 20–30 cm, while in the flood season, it can reach 100–150 cm. The silt layer beneath the water must be deep, at least 20 cm, and the soil should contain more than 1.5% organic matter to support healthy growth.
Next, seedlings are not planted directly but transplanted after being grown in a nursery. This ensures higher quality and yield. In regions like the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, early maturing alfalfa varieties begin sprouting in early April when the average temperature reaches 10°C or above. For late-maturing white calyx varieties, planting is delayed by about 10 days. Seeds are soaked in containers with water covering them, and the water is changed daily. They are kept at 20–25°C during the day and 15°C at night. After more than 10 days, most seeds germinate, and they are ready for sowing.
One to two weeks before sowing, a 2m² seedling pool with a depth of 20 cm is prepared. The soil is leveled, weeds and algae are removed, and the water is filled to 10 cm. Germinated seeds are evenly spread on the water surface, avoiding sinking into the mud. Seedlings are delicate, so markers are placed around the pool to prevent accidental disturbance. The seeding rate per tank is approximately 5 kg.
Transplanting is essential when seedlings become too dense. A low-water paddy field with deeper layers is selected, ideally 50 times larger than the seedling pond. No basal fertilizer is usually applied, but if the soil is poor, some may be used. After 30–40 days, when seedlings have 2–3 arrow-shaped leaves, they are ready for transplanting. Seedlings are carefully lifted, roots cleaned, and arranged in rows with 50 cm spacing in the transplanting pool. Water depth is maintained at 15 cm initially, gradually increasing to 40–50 cm as the plants grow.
For planting, the water surface should be shallow, around 40–50 cm deep, with maximum flood levels not exceeding 2–2.5 m. The area should have a silt layer over 20 cm, organic content above 1.5%, and no industrial pollution. Planting typically occurs in mid-to-late June, with new blade diameters between 25–30 cm. Holes are dug according to a 2.3 m × 2 m spacing, and the central hole is 17–20 cm deep. If the soil is poor, decomposed manure is mixed with river mud. Seedlings are handled gently, with roots and stems placed in the holes, and the top of the leaves exposed. Survival is achieved within 7–10 days.
Water management is critical. One week after planting, check for gaps and fill them. Water depth starts at 30 cm and increases to 40–50 cm after survival, reaching 80–100 cm during vigorous growth. Water levels should not exceed 1.2 m for short periods and gradually drop to 50–70 cm during flowering. Weeding is done 2–4 times before leaf closure, and cleared weeds are turned into green manure. Fertilization is applied based on plant needs, using a mix of river mud, compost, urea, superphosphate, and potassium salts. During fruiting, foliar sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boric acid improve seed quality and yield.
Pest control involves managing fungal diseases like leaf spot and leaf tumor. Leaf spot appears as dark brown spots, and infected leaves should be removed. Leaf tumor disease causes abnormal growths, which should be cut and removed. Insect pests such as root tubers and leafhoppers are controlled similarly to lotus root practices.
Harvesting is done when fruits are mature, typically 35–55 days after flowering, depending on temperature and water level. Proper timing prevents underdeveloped or overripe fruits. Harvesting is done manually, wearing long sleeves to avoid spines on the leaves.
Hedgehog cultivation is simpler and less labor-intensive. Unlike Su Shi, hedgehogs are often sown directly without transplanting. Sowing methods include broadcasting or drilling, with 1–2 seeds per square meter. Seedlings are inspected and thinned for uniformity. Harvesting is usually done once when most fruits mature, typically in late September. Fruits are cut from the base and collected, with floating seeds also gathered to reduce loss.
For more information, contact Mr. Xia Sun at (0) 13852501971, 13056373085, or call 0514-8280385.
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