Apricot is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in our country. The fruit is ripe early, bright and beautiful, juicy, sweet, nutritious, and has the effect of fitness rickets. In addition, apricot has wide adaptability, strong drought resistance, low tolerance, early fruiting, and easy cultivation. At present, dwarf close planting techniques are used to plant 222 (31 m) dense planting gardens per acre. The second year of planting can reach 300-500 kg per mu. The third year can enter a high yield period and the per mu output can reach over 3500 kg. First, the establishment of garden 1, garden choice: apricot adaptability to environmental conditions, not only cold, drought, but also high temperature, high humidity, the soil requirements are not strict, mountains, hills, flatlands, sand can be successfully planted . However, a well-drained loose sandy loam is most suitable, and a neutral or slightly alkaline soil with a pH of 6.5-8 is suitable. 2. Variety selection: As the apricot blossoms earlier, it is vulnerable to the late frost and there is a saying that it will not be accepted for ten years. Therefore, the selection of varieties with late flowering or strong frost resistance and self-cultivation is the key to successful cultivation in the south. At present, varieties suitable for large-scale planting in the south are ideal for such varieties as Golden Sun, Kate apricot, Hongfeng, New Century, Crystal apricot, and Test tube apricot (series). These varieties have strong resistance to late frost, early maturation, strong self-arrangement, high yield, good quality, and worthy of promotion. 3. Planting seedlings: Apricots can be planted every year from September to March of the following year in the south, but it is better to plant them every October-November. The planting density should be 31 meters (222 acres). Prior to planting, open the ditch or dig a large hole to plant (into the hole weed and phosphate fertilizer, etc.). When planting, pour enough water and cover the tree with weeds. Second, fertilizer and water management (a) fertilization 1, saplings (1-2 years) fertilization: the first year of colonization using thin Shi Qin Shi fertilization principles, in order to quickly expand the crown and the formation of a certain number of flower buds. When germinating after planting, the first fertilizer is applied, and the top dressing is applied once every 15 to 20 days. Urea is mainly used in combination with phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizers. Until the beginning of July, stop topdressing and properly control the water to facilitate flowering. In early October, base fertilizer (mainly organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer) was used. In the second year in late February, mid-April, and late June, topdressing was applied once, and nitrogenous fertilizer was used in combination with phosphorus and potassium. Base fertilizer was applied at the beginning of October. 2. High-yield garden (from the third year of planting) Fertilization: Apricot trees have early Fruits and high yields. Close-in planting garden can enter the high yield period in the third year. Fertilize 3 times a year. The first application of spring fertilizer (germinating fertilizer) was applied before germination (mid-to-late February), with quick-acting fertilizer as the main method, and all potassium fertilizer was applied, combined with organic fertilizer application. Fertilizer accounts for about 20% of the total annual amount. Urea can apply 10 kg of urea, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, organic fertilizer (human and animal manure) 2000 kg. The fertilization is conducive to flowering fruit and promote fruit enlargement. The second application of summer fertilizer (late June) was the second peak of root growth. The fruit was just harvested. Fertilizer was mainly available nitrogen fertilizer to supplement the nutrient consumed due to the result and to increase nutrient accumulation. Flower bud differentiation has laid the foundation for the next year's abundance. The fertilization amount accounts for about 30% of the whole year. It can apply 20 kg of urea, 20 kg of superphosphate, and 3,000 kg of organic fertilizer. The third base fertilizer (Autumn Fertilizer) was applied in conjunction with expansion of soil in the late September to early October. The basal fertilizer should be applied as early as possible to facilitate the absorption and utilization of the root system in the year, and the flower buds continue to differentiate, and the flowering in the second year. , fruit setting and shoot growth are all very favorable. Basal fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, with phosphate fertilizer, accounting for about 50% of the total annual amount, can be applied to organic fertilizer 4000-5000 kg Mushi, superphosphate 50 kg. 3. Foliar fertilization: Fertilizers for foliar fertilization are directly absorbed and utilized, and the province's fertilizers are water-efficient. Can be combined with pest control spraying spray. After spraying several times, 0.2-0.4% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed. It can spray 0.1%-0.2% borax and other trace elements during flowering. (2) Irrigation and drainage: Apricot should be intensified in the areas with low rainfall and dry seasons. The first irrigation with Shichun fertilizer before germination can ensure the need for flowering, fruit setting and shoot growth. The amount of irrigation is large. The second time in the hard-core period (about 1 month after flowering) irrigation, when the water demand is larger, and it is at the peak of the spring drought in the south, it should pay attention to watering. The third time after fruit picking, it can be combined with fertilization to facilitate the growth of leaves and flower buds. In addition, in April-August, it was used as a cover for orange stems and weeds to cover tree rows and rows, which helps to maintain moisture and increase soil fertility. Apricot is not resistant to waterlogging. Pay attention to the drainage during the rainy season, especially during the flower bud differentiation period from July to August. Keep proper drought and help flower bud differentiation. (3) Expanding soil and improving land use: Apricot is a deep-rooted fruit tree. It can be used to fertilize fertility, loosen the soil, and guide the root system to deeper development to increase the absorption of soil nutrients. High-yield important measures. The expansion of the hole to the soil should be carried out in the fall of the second year of planting (September-October) in conjunction with the Shiji fertilizer, and it should be expanded from the planting point or the planting furrow year by year. (The planting holes or furrows are not excavated, should be from the trunk 30-40 Outside the centimeter, expand the hole, depth 60-80 centimeters, width 30-40 centimeters, unlimited length, and layer press into the crop orange rods and weeds, organic fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, etc., and press the cover in the garden together Into. In the early period of the orchard, intercropping can be used as green manure or legume crops. In May-June, the cover plate will be cut off and pushed into the garden during the September-October expansion. It is not appropriate to intercrop into other crops during the high-yield period, and the weeds are removed twice with herbicides in May-June and September-October. Third, the plastic trim: Apricot hi light fruit trees, the result is early, early growth, reasonable pruning is an important measure to obtain high quality and high yield. (1) Reshaping: Apricot hi light should be used in a tree with good ventilation and light transmission. The planting garden should be in a "V" shape and a happy shape. The shaping method is as follows: 1. V shape: Suitable for 31 meters (acre 222 plants) ) of the dense planting garden, the results of the tree shape early, easy to plastic, high yield, stable production, the plastic method: planting the trunk of the year to stay 35-40 cm short cut and dry, such as spring shoots 30 cm long, elected to stay in the line, The two branches that grow vigorously and grow symmetrically are the main branches and they are fixed by obliquely inserting two bamboo rods so that the two main branches are at an angle of 90o. Another option is to leave 3-4 new shoots as supplemental branches. The tip was wiped off. In June, it took on the shoots of the auxiliary branches to form the flower buds. When the main branch was 50 centimeters, it picked up the branches and selected one of the branches to make the main branches to extend the branches. Branches), the first year of winter shear on the main branch extension of the short cut, promote side branches, and select Wang branch extension branch to expand the crown, 2 years to form. 2, natural happy shape: This is a common apricot tree shape, easy to plastic, air and light transmission, the result is also early, suitable for 32 meters (111 acres) planting plantation. The shaping method is as follows: 40cm short-cut and dry in the year of colonization, and uniform distribution from the middle of May to June. The angle is moderate, and the three shoots that grow vigorously are the main branches, and the growth directions and angles are fixed by branches, and the other is 2- The three branches were supplemented and the remaining shoots were erased in time. At the end of June, the shoots were picked up on the auxiliary branches to promote flowering. On the main branch at the time of 50 centimeters picking up the heart, triggering branching, and selecting peripheral shoots for extension. When cutting in winter, to extend the branch, leave a short cut of 50-60 cm, trigger side branches, and leave 30-50cm short cuts on the old mature side branches, and then take the second branch of the extension branch to extend the branches in the second summer, and topple the tip of the branches. Promote flowers. Close planting garden can be formed in 2 years. The height of the tree is about 2 meters when it is formed. (b) Pruning 1. Pruning of young trees (1-2 years): Saplings are mainly cultivated trees and enlarged canopies. Techniques such as twisting tips and pulling branches are used to promote early flowering and early high yield. In the summer, the dense shoots should be properly removed. In winter, the principle of multiple stays and less cuts should be adopted, combined with the techniques of support, pulling and lifting, so that the canopy can be properly opened and the light can be improved, which is conducive to early fruiting and early high yield. 2. Pruning of the high-yielding trees (after the 3rd year): With the expansion of the canopy and the increase in the number of branches and branches, the auxiliary branches of the high-yield trees should be gradually removed to improve light. As a result of high-yielding trees, the results are mainly short-fruited and fruit-like. Therefore, the mid-short fruiting branches should be properly preserved during winter cutting, but when the flowering amount is large, the short fruiting branches and middle fruiting branches should be appropriately cut to promote flowering, and the over dense branches should be properly removed. And the main branches of the extension of the appropriate retraction, so that between the lines to maintain a 50-80 cm ventilation light belt, so that the plants do not cross over. When pruning in summer, the plants with canopy closure should be shortened or sparsely evacuated to improve light conditions, which can promote the formation of flower buds. IV. Flower and fruit management (1) Measures for flower protection and fruit preservation: 1. Bees are planted at flowering stage and planted with pollination trees. 3. Sprinkling water during flowering, spray water at flowering stage to keep the stigma moist, which can significantly increase the fruit setting rate. It is better to add 0.2% urea and 0.2% borax in water. 4. Protect the fruit with plant growth regulators. (1) Spraying 20mg/L gibberellin (90%) at full flowering stage, spraying 50mg/L gibberellin (Ninety-two Oxygen) at the end of October can increase the fruit setting rate in the year, and increase the fruit set rate of about 60% in the second year. . (2) Spraying 500 mg/L (500PPM) 15% paclobutrazol or 200-fold PBO at the end of April and early May can control the growth, favor flower bud differentiation, and reduce fruit drop. (3) Thinning and fruit thinning techniques: Although apricots are vulnerable to late frosts, they should be resistant to late frost and implement a series of measures to preserve and protect fruits. Because apricots have a high proportion of incomplete flowers, they should not be thinned even in spent years, and instead use fruit thinning to control yield. The fruit shrubs are carried out from the last two months to the hard core stage (the young fruit diameter is 1.0-1.5 cm). First, the pests and fruits, malformed fruits, and small fruits were completely removed, and the dense fruits were removed again, so that the remaining fruits were evenly distributed on the trees, and the weak trees remained less, leaving more trees to remain. Grasp the density of 1 fruit in every 5-8 cm branches. IV. Integrated pest control: The main pests of apricot are: apricot weevil, peach aphid, red spider, red neck caterpillar, korean ball ape, boat caterpillar, apricot scab, apricot black spot, gangrene, bacteria Perforation disease, etc., and acne scar disease, black spot disease, ball ape and other hazards. The following comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken. 1. Before the winter solstice germinates, clear the dead branches and fallen leaves in the orchard, remove the diseased branches, and cut and destroy the old ones, scrape the old bark, eliminate the sources of overwintering pathogens, and reduce the number of disease and insect pests. 2. Sprinkle with Bomer 5 degree lime sulfur before flowering to prevent and cure apricot scar disease, black spot disease, ball formation and other overwintering eggs. 3. During the period from mid-March to early April, the apricot was found in the damaging period of the upper tree, and its use was suspended. Shaking the trees in the morning, manually killing, removing the insects, and spraying in time 2000 times 20% culling + 600 times carbendazim (50%), to prevent apricot weevil and scab, black spot, perforation, can also be mixed with other insecticides. 4. In the middle of April, spray 1000 times 40% chrysanthemum cream + 200 times faster Keling to prevent scab, black spot, perforation, and peach aphid. 5. In the middle and late June of the year, use 2000-3000 times to sweep + 1000 times culling + 1500 times more mildew to control red spider, mite, black spot, perforation and other pests, and manually kill red neck beetles . 6. In mid-to-late July, the naval-shaped caterpillars that had not been dispersed were manually killed or timely sprayed to kill Ding prevention at a speed of 2000 times.
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